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 Red Shift Doppler Assumptions - Is the Universe Really Expanding? 2 September 2007
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The doppler shift defines the frequency shift associated with objects closing and opening velocities. The following example shows how the movement of an observer affects the observed wave frequency.
For the above example, the observer moving away from the wave source views a lower frequency stretched wave (fo=0.5 hertz) and the observer moving towards the source views a high frequency compressed wave (fo=2 hertz). The lower frequency stretched wave (fd<1) illustrates the Red Shift principle.
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The theory that the universe is expanding is based on the red shifted doppler characteristics of photons observed on earth. Measuring red shift depends on knowing a star's composition. Most stars are composed of hydrogen and helium. Frequency shifts can be observed by comparing known hydrogen and helium absorption spectrums with gaps in lights arriving on earth. Absorption spectral lines decreasing in frequency indicate a red shift universe expansion.
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We have all heard that the 'gravity' of very dense black holes can prevent light from escaping. If true, a photon's velocity should be decreasing as it travel's away from objects. But the mass of a photon is zero and photons travel at the speed of light in a vacuum. The following diagram provides some formula's that show how a massless photon's ability to gain and lose energy are directly related to a photon's frequency.
The previous diagram shows that a photon with a resting mass of zero, photon frequency is related to photon energy If energy is required to escape the gravity of a star or sun, how can we sure that the doppler effect is the only potential source for decreasing spectral lines? In order for a black hole to prevent light from escaping, the black hole must perform work directly against the photon's kinetic energy mass. This assumption leads to the potential conclusion that a photon's frequency might be reduced by its conservation of momentum ties to it's parent planet.
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The red shift doppler effect seems to attribute photon frequency shifts to velocity differences. Is it possible that part of the photon's frequency shift is due to escape velocity energy loss?
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